What Is a Group Conscience?
"For our group purpose there is but one ultimate authority — a loving God as He may express Himself in our group conscience. Our leaders are but trusted servants; they do not govern."
— Tradition Two
A Group Conscience is the collective decision-making process used by AA groups (and other 12-Step fellowships) to guide group affairs. It is not a simple majority vote — it is a deliberate, prayerful process where every member's voice is heard and the group seeks spiritual guidance for its decisions.
Key Principles
- Every member has an equal voice. No one person — not the chairperson, not an old-timer, not a newcomer — has more authority than another.
- It is informed. Members should have all relevant facts before making a decision. Rushed or uninformed decisions are not true group conscience.
- It is not the same as group opinion. Opinion can be swayed by personality; conscience seeks a Higher Power's will for the group.
- Minority opinion is heard. After a vote, the minority is given a chance to speak — the group may reconsider.
- It requires patience. If the group is sharply divided, it is often wise to table the matter and revisit it later.
When Is a Group Conscience Held?
- Regularly scheduled business meetings (monthly or quarterly)
- When a significant decision faces the group (e.g., changing meeting format, electing officers, handling finances)
- When a group member formally requests one
- District or area-level assemblies for matters affecting multiple groups
Informed Group Conscience vs. Uninformed
An informed group conscience means members have studied the issue, heard from those affected, and considered what AA's Traditions and principles suggest. An uninformed group conscience is a snap vote without discussion — it may reflect impulse rather than spiritual guidance.
Common Pitfalls
- Letting dominant personalities override quiet members
- Voting without adequate discussion
- Confusing personal preference with the group's spiritual welfare
- Not giving the minority a chance to be heard after a vote
- Ignoring the Traditions when making decisions
Traditions & Spiritual Basis
The Group Conscience is grounded in AA's Twelve Traditions. Several Traditions directly shape how a business meeting operates:
Tradition One — Unity
"Our common welfare should come first; personal recovery depends upon AA unity." Decisions serve the group, not any individual.
Tradition Two — Group Conscience
The ultimate authority is a loving God expressed through the group conscience. Leaders serve; they do not govern.
Tradition Four — Autonomy
"Each group should be autonomous except in matters affecting other groups or AA as a whole." Your group can set its own policies within the Traditions.
Tradition Five — Primary Purpose
"Each group has but one primary purpose — to carry its message to the alcoholic who still suffers." Every decision should be weighed against this purpose.
Tradition Nine — Service Structure
"AA, as such, ought never be organized; but we may create service boards or committees directly responsible to those they serve." Robert's Rules are a tool for orderly discussion, not a system of governance.
Tradition Twelve — Anonymity & Principles
"Anonymity is the spiritual foundation of all our Traditions, ever reminding us to place principles before personalities." In a business meeting, we discuss ideas — not people.
The Spiritual Difference
Robert's Rules provide structure. The Traditions provide spirit. A good AA business meeting uses Robert's Rules as a framework while relying on prayer, patience, and respect to find the Higher Power's will for the group. The rules serve the conscience — never the other way around.
Robert's Rules of Order — Overview
Robert's Rules of Order is a set of parliamentary procedures originally written by Henry Martyn Robert in 1876. AA groups commonly use a simplified version to keep business meetings fair and orderly.
Core Principles
- One thing at a time. Only one main motion can be on the floor at once.
- Everyone gets to speak. No one speaks twice on an issue until everyone who wants to speak has spoken once.
- The majority decides. Unless a higher threshold is required (e.g., 2/3 for certain motions).
- The minority is protected. The minority always has the right to be heard.
- One person, one vote. Each member present has equal voting power.
- Decisions are made by the assembly, not the chair. The chairperson facilitates — they do not dictate outcomes.
The Basic Sequence
Nearly every action in a business meeting follows this pattern:
The Chair's Role
The chairperson (or meeting secretary running the business meeting) acts as a neutral facilitator. They:
- Recognize members who wish to speak ("The chair recognizes [name]")
- Restate motions clearly before discussion and before voting
- Keep discussion on topic
- Call for votes and announce results
- Do not participate in debate unless they yield the chair temporarily
- May vote only to break a tie (in many groups)
Obtaining the Floor
To speak during a business meeting, a member must be recognized by the chair. This simply means raising your hand (or speaking up in small groups) and waiting for the chair to call on you. This prevents people from talking over each other and ensures orderly discussion.
Motion Flowchart
Click any step to see details. This shows the complete lifecycle of a motion — including subsidiary motions, the Previous Question bypass, and the AA practice of hearing minority opinion with the option to reconsider.
Types of Motions
Click each motion type to expand details. Motions are ranked by precedence — higher-ranked motions can interrupt lower ones.
Privileged Motions (Highest precedence)
What it does: Sets a date, time, and place for a continuation of the current meeting (an "adjourned meeting"). This is the highest-ranking privileged motion.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: No (when made while business is pending; debatable if made when no business is pending)
Amendable: Yes (as to date, time, and place)
Vote required: Majority
Script: "I move that when we adjourn, we adjourn to meet again next Tuesday at 7pm at this same location."
What it does: Ends the meeting immediately.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: No
Amendable: No
Vote required: Majority
Can interrupt speaker: No
Script: "I move that we adjourn." / Chair: "It has been moved and seconded that we adjourn. All in favor? Opposed? The meeting is adjourned."
What it does: Takes a short break (e.g., 5 minutes).
Second required: Yes
Debatable: No
Amendable: Yes (length of recess)
Vote required: Majority
Script: "I move that we take a 5-minute recess."
What it does: Raises an urgent matter (comfort, safety, noise, can't hear, etc.).
Second required: No
Debatable: No
Vote required: Chair decides
Can interrupt speaker: Yes
Example: "Point of privilege — could we close the window? It's very noisy."
What it does: Demands that the assembly follow its adopted agenda or return to the scheduled order of business.
Second required: No
Debatable: No
Vote required: None — a single member's demand is sufficient to enforce. A two-thirds vote is needed to set aside the orders of the day.
Can interrupt speaker: Yes
Script: "I call for the orders of the day!" / Chair: "The orders of the day are called for. We had scheduled [item] for this time. We will proceed to that item unless two-thirds wish to continue with the current business."
Subsidiary Motions (Applied to main motions)
What it does: Temporarily sets aside a motion to deal with something more urgent. Can be taken from the table later.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: No
Vote required: Majority
Script: "I move to table this motion." — To bring back: "I move to take from the table the motion to…"
What it does: Ends debate and forces an immediate vote on the pending motion.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: No
Vote required: Two-thirds (2/3)
Can interrupt speaker: No
Script: "I move the previous question." / Chair: "It has been moved and seconded to end debate. This requires a two-thirds vote. All in favor? Opposed?"
What it does: Sets a time limit on speakers or extends the total time for discussion.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: No
Amendable: Yes (the time limit)
Vote required: Two-thirds (2/3)
Script: "I move to limit each speaker to 2 minutes on this motion." or "I move to extend debate for an additional 10 minutes."
What it does: Delays consideration of a motion to a specific date/meeting.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: Yes (limited to reasons for postponing)
Amendable: Yes (the date/time)
Vote required: Majority
Script: "I move to postpone this motion until our next business meeting on [date]."
What it does: Sends the motion to a smaller group for research and a recommendation.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: Yes (limited)
Amendable: Yes
Vote required: Majority
Script: "I move to refer this matter to an ad hoc committee of three members, to report back at our next business meeting."
What it does: Changes the wording of a pending motion before it is voted on.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: Yes
Amendable: Yes (amendment to the amendment — but no further!)
Vote required: Majority
Forms of amendment:
- Insert/Add words
- Strike out words
- Strike out and insert (substitute words)
- Substitute (replace entire motion)
See the Amendments section for full details.
What it does: Effectively kills a motion without voting directly on it. It removes the motion from consideration for the rest of the session.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: Yes (and debate can go into the merits of the main motion)
Amendable: No
Vote required: Majority
Script: "I move to postpone this motion indefinitely."
Main Motions (Lowest precedence — introduces new business)
What it does: Introduces a new item of business for the group to consider.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: Yes
Amendable: Yes
Vote required: Majority
When in order: Only when no other motion is pending.
Script: "I move that [specific proposal]." / Chair: "It has been moved and seconded that [restates motion]. Is there any discussion?"
Incidental Motions (Arise from proceedings — no fixed rank)
What it does: Calls attention to a rule violation or procedural error.
Second required: No
Debatable: No
Vote required: Chair rules (can be appealed)
Can interrupt speaker: Yes
Script: "Point of order!" / Chair: "State your point." / Member: "The motion was not seconded before discussion began." / Chair: "Your point is well taken. We need a second."
What it does: Allows the group to overrule the chair's ruling.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: Yes
Vote required: Majority (tie sustains chair)
Can interrupt speaker: Yes
Script: "I appeal the decision of the chair." / Chair: "The decision of the chair has been appealed. The chair ruled that [explains]. Shall the decision of the chair be sustained? All in favor? Opposed?"
What it does: Asks the chair a question about parliamentary procedure.
Second required: No
Debatable: No
Vote required: None (informational)
Example: "Parliamentary inquiry — is it in order to amend this motion at this time?"
What it does: Temporarily sets aside a procedural rule to do something not normally allowed.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: No
Vote required: Two-thirds (2/3)
Script: "I move to suspend the rules to allow [specific action]."
What it does: The maker of the motion takes it back before a vote.
Second required: No
Debatable: No
Vote required: Unanimous consent (no objection). If someone objects, the group votes on whether to allow withdrawal.
Script: Member: "I wish to withdraw my motion." / Chair: "The maker requests to withdraw the motion. Is there any objection? Hearing none, the motion is withdrawn."
What it does: Splits a multi-part motion into separate motions to be voted on individually.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: No
Vote required: Majority
Example: If a motion says "I move that we change the meeting time to 7pm and switch to Big Book study format," a member can move to divide: one vote on the time, another on the format.
What it does: Prevents the assembly from even considering a main motion — used when a motion is clearly inappropriate, offensive, or a waste of time.
Second required: No
Debatable: No
Amendable: No
Vote required: Two-thirds must vote against consideration to sustain the objection
Can interrupt speaker: No, but must be raised immediately after the motion is stated and before any debate
Script: "I object to the consideration of this question!" / Chair: "Objection has been raised. Shall the question be considered? All in favor of considering it, rise. All opposed to considering it, rise. There are two-thirds opposed — the question will not be considered."
What it does: Demands a re-vote by a more accurate method (e.g., standing count) when the result of a voice vote is in doubt.
Second required: No
Debatable: No
Vote required: None — a single member's demand is sufficient
Can interrupt speaker: Yes (immediately after the vote is announced)
Script: "Division!" or "I call for a division!" / Chair: "A division has been called. All in favor, please rise. [counts] Be seated. All opposed, please rise. [counts]"
What it does: Governs how nominations are handled — opening, closing, or specifying the method of nomination.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: No
Amendable: Yes
Vote required: Majority to open nominations or set method; Two-thirds to close nominations (because it cuts off members' right to nominate)
Script — Close: "I move to close nominations for [position]." / Chair: "It has been moved to close nominations. This requires a two-thirds vote. All in favor? Opposed?"
Script — Reopen: "I move to reopen nominations for [position]." (Majority vote.)
What it does: Specifies how a vote should be taken (e.g., by ballot instead of voice vote) or governs the polls (opening/closing).
Second required: Yes
Debatable: No
Amendable: Yes
Vote required: Majority to set the method; Two-thirds to close the polls
Script: "I move that the vote on this motion be taken by written ballot." / "I move that the polls be closed."
Restorative Motions (Undo or confirm previous actions)
What it does: Re-opens a motion that has already been voted on (passed or failed) for further discussion and a new vote. Effectively "undoes" the previous vote so the question can be reconsidered with fresh debate.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: Yes (if the original motion was debatable)
Amendable: No
Vote required: Majority
Can interrupt speaker: No
Who can make it: Only someone who voted on the prevailing (winning) side.
Time limit: Must be made at the same meeting or the next regular business meeting after the original vote.
Script: "Having voted in the affirmative, I move to reconsider the vote on [describes the motion]." / Chair: "It has been moved to reconsider the vote on [motion]. Is there a second? Is there any discussion on whether to reconsider?"
What it does: Cancels or repeals a previously adopted motion. Used when the group wants to undo a prior decision entirely.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: Yes (debate can go into the merits of the original question)
Amendable: No
Vote required: Two-thirds (without prior notice) or Majority (if notice was given at a previous meeting)
Can interrupt speaker: No
Key difference from Reconsider: Can be made by any member (not just someone on the prevailing side) and at any subsequent meeting (not limited to same or next meeting).
Script: "I move to rescind the motion adopted on [date] that [describes the motion]."
What it does: Confirms or validates an action that was taken without proper authority, or that needs group approval after the fact.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: Yes
Amendable: Yes
Vote required: Majority
Script: "I move to ratify the action taken by the treasurer on [date] to purchase [item] for $[amount]."
What it does: Brings a previously tabled motion back to the floor for consideration.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: No
Amendable: No
Vote required: Majority
When in order: Only when no other motion is pending, and must be done at the same meeting or the next regular meeting (otherwise the tabled motion dies).
Script: "I move to take from the table the motion to [describes the tabled motion]."
What it does: Takes a matter out of a committee's hands before the committee has reported, bringing it back to the full assembly for action.
Second required: Yes
Debatable: Yes
Amendable: Yes
Vote required: Two-thirds (without prior notice) or Majority (with notice given at a previous meeting)
Script: "I move to discharge the [committee name] from further consideration of the motion to [topic] and that the motion be placed before the group."
Requests (Informational — no vote needed)
What it does: Asks for factual information relevant to the pending business. Directed through the chair to the appropriate person (treasurer, GSR, etc.).
Second required: No
Debatable: No
Vote required: None (the chair directs the question)
Can interrupt speaker: Yes (if urgent)
Different from Parliamentary Inquiry: A Parliamentary Inquiry asks about procedure. A Request for Information asks for facts.
Example: "Point of information — can the treasurer tell us what our current balance is before we vote on this expenditure?"
Amendments In Depth
Amendments are one of the most commonly used — and most confusing — parts of Robert's Rules. Here's how they work step by step.
The Rules of Amending
- An amendment must be germane (relevant) to the original motion.
- You can amend a motion (first-degree amendment).
- You can amend an amendment (second-degree amendment).
- You cannot amend an amendment to an amendment (no third-degree!).
- The amendment is voted on first, then the main motion (as amended or not).
Example Walkthrough
- Vote on 2nd-degree amendment ($200 vs $150) → say it passes
- Vote on 1st-degree amendment as amended ($200 vs $100) → say it passes
- Vote on main motion as amended ("donate $200 to local intergroup")
Friendly Amendments
In practice, many AA groups use "friendly amendments" — the person who made the motion simply agrees to incorporate the change without a formal vote. This is fine for small, non-controversial changes but should not be used to bypass discussion on substantive changes.
Voting Procedures
Who Can Vote?
This depends on the group's own guidelines. Common approaches:
- Any member present — the most common in AA
- Home group members only — members who have declared this as their home group
- Visitors and newcomers may be given voice (right to speak) but not vote, depending on group tradition
Methods of Voting
Voice Vote (Viva Voce)
The most common method. Chair asks "All in favor say 'Aye.' All opposed say 'No.'"
Best for: Routine, non-controversial matters
Show of Hands
Members raise their hands. Chair counts or estimates. More accurate than voice vote.
Best for: Close or important votes
Standing Vote (Rising Vote)
Members stand to be counted. Very clear and hard to dispute.
Best for: Two-thirds votes, contested issues
Ballot (Written Vote)
Secret written ballot. Protects anonymity and reduces social pressure.
Best for: Elections, sensitive topics, when requested
Majority vs. Two-Thirds vs. Unanimous
| Type | Means | Used For |
|---|---|---|
| Majority | More than half of votes cast | Most motions |
| Two-Thirds | At least 2/3 of votes cast | Ending debate, suspending rules, amending bylaws |
| Unanimous | No one objects | Unanimous consent (routine matters) |
| Substantial Unanimity | Near-complete agreement | Some AA groups prefer this for major decisions |
Minority Opinion — The AA Difference
After a vote, AA practice encourages the chair to ask: "Would anyone in the minority like to speak to why they voted as they did?"
After hearing the minority opinion, the group may:
- Stand by the original vote
- Move to reconsider the vote
- Table the matter for more thought
This is a critical part of the AA group conscience process. It ensures that even when the majority rules, the minority is respected and may carry wisdom the majority initially missed.
Officer / Trusted Servant Roles
Chairperson
- Opens and closes meetings
- Facilitates discussion neutrally
- Recognizes speakers
- Restates motions before votes
- Announces vote results
- Maintains order and decorum
- Votes only to break a tie (optional by group)
Secretary
- Takes minutes of all business meetings
- Records motions verbatim
- Records who made and seconded each motion
- Records vote counts and results
- Reads previous minutes for approval
- Maintains attendance record
Treasurer
- Reports on group finances
- Manages prudent reserve
- Pays group expenses per conscience
- Provides financial reports at business meetings
- Distributes excess funds per group decision (district, area, GSO)
GSR (General Service Representative)
- Represents the group at district meetings
- Brings information from district/area back to the group
- Carries group conscience to service assemblies
- Links the group to AA as a whole
Quorum & Majorities
What Is a Quorum?
A quorum is the minimum number of members who must be present to conduct official business. Without a quorum, no binding votes can be taken.
Setting Your Quorum
Many AA groups don't have a formal quorum requirement — if a business meeting is announced and members show up, they conduct business. However, groups can set one in their group guidelines. Common approaches:
- A specific number (e.g., "at least 8 home group members")
- A percentage of home group members (e.g., "at least one-third")
- No formal quorum — whoever shows up decides
Counting Votes
Votes are counted among those actually voting — abstentions do not count for or against. Example:
- 20 members present, 15 vote yes, 3 vote no, 2 abstain
- The vote is 15-3 among 18 voters = motion passes (majority)
- The 2 abstentions are noted but do not affect the count
Common Scenarios
Click any scenario to see how to handle it.
1. Member raises hand, is recognized: "I move that we change our meeting format from speaker/discussion to Big Book study."
2. Another member: "I second that."
3. Chair: "It has been moved and seconded that we change our meeting format to Big Book study. Is there any discussion?"
4. Discussion happens. Multiple members share their perspective.
5. When discussion winds down, Chair: "Is there any further discussion? Hearing none, all in favor say 'Aye.' All opposed say 'No.'"
6. Chair announces result. If close: "The chair is in doubt. All in favor please raise your hand. [counts] All opposed? [counts]"
7. Chair: "Would anyone in the minority like to share why they voted as they did?"
1. Chair: "The position of [role] is open. Nominations are now open."
2. Members nominate candidates. Each nominee states whether they accept.
3. Chair: "Are there any further nominations? Hearing none, I move that nominations be closed." (Or a member moves this.)
4. If only one nominee: "I move that [name] be elected by acclamation." Requires a second and a vote.
5. If multiple nominees: Use a ballot vote. Each member writes their choice. Ballots are collected and counted.
6. Candidate with majority wins. If no majority on first ballot, drop lowest vote-getter and re-ballot.
7. Chair announces result.
Chair's options:
- Gently remind: "Let's remember Tradition Twelve — principles before personalities. Please address the motion, not the person."
- Call a brief recess: "The chair suggests a 5-minute recess so we can collect our thoughts."
- Suggest tabling: "It seems we need more time with this topic. Would someone like to make a motion to postpone?"
- Suggest a moment of silence or the Serenity Prayer
Any member can also raise a Point of Order if discussion becomes inappropriate.
1. Treasurer gives financial report.
2. Member: "I move that we allocate $50 for meeting supplies."
3. Second, discussion, and vote follow the standard process.
4. Treasurer records the approved expenditure in the books.
Motion to Reconsider:
- Must be made by someone who voted on the prevailing (winning) side
- Must be made at the same meeting or the next regular business meeting
- Requires a second and majority vote to reconsider
- If passed, the original motion is back on the floor for discussion and a new vote
Script: "Having voted in the affirmative, I move to reconsider the vote on [motion]."
Options:
- Chair can politely redirect: "Thank you. Does anyone else wish to speak to this motion?"
- A member can move to limit debate: "I move to limit each speaker to 2 minutes." (Requires 2/3 vote.)
- A member can call the question (move the previous question) to end debate. (Requires 2/3 vote.)
Remember: no one should speak twice until everyone who wants to has spoken once.
Chair's options (in escalating order):
- Gently call for order: "The member is out of order. Please address the motion, not individuals."
- Call a recess to allow things to cool down
- If behavior continues, the chair can ask the member to leave the business portion: "The chair asks [name] to step out until we complete this item."
- A member can move to have the person removed from the meeting (requires majority vote)
Options:
- Table it: "I move to table this motion until our next business meeting so members can reflect and pray on it."
- Refer to committee: "I move to refer this to a committee of [3-5] members to study the issue and bring a recommendation."
- Seek more information: "I move to postpone until [date] so we can gather more facts."
- Ask for a moment of silence or the Serenity Prayer before continuing
If a motion appears to violate one of the Twelve Traditions:
- Any member can raise a Point of Order: "Point of order — I believe this motion violates Tradition [number]."
- The chair reads the relevant Tradition aloud
- The chair can rule the motion out of order, or allow the group to decide
- If the chair's ruling is disputed, any member can appeal
Business Meeting Script Template
A ready-to-use script for running a group conscience / business meeting.
1. Opening
"Let's open this business meeting with a moment of silence followed by the Serenity Prayer."
"This is the regular business meeting of the [Group Name] group. We use a simplified version of Robert's Rules of Order to keep our discussion orderly. Every member has an equal voice. We will hear a motion, discuss it, vote on it, and hear from the minority."
2. Roll Call / Attendance (optional)
"Let's note who is present. This helps us establish quorum."
(Note the number of members present to confirm quorum. Some groups skip a formal roll call — a simple head count is sufficient.)
3. Reading of Previous Minutes
"The secretary will now read the minutes from our last business meeting."
[Secretary reads minutes]
"Are there any corrections to the minutes? Hearing none, the minutes are approved as read."
(If corrections: "The minutes are approved as corrected.")
4. Treasurer's Report
"The treasurer will now give the financial report."
[Treasurer reports]
"Are there any questions about the treasurer's report? The report will be filed for audit."
5. Officer & Committee Reports
"Do any officers or committee chairs have a report?"
(GSR report from district/area, literature chair, refreshment committee, etc. Reports are received and filed — not voted on.)
6. Old Business
"Is there any old business to come before the group?"
(Address any tabled motions or items carried over from a previous meeting.)
7. New Business
"Is there any new business?"
For each item of business, the chair follows this sequence:
- Motion: A member states: "I move that [proposal]."
- Second: Another member seconds. (No second = motion dies.)
- Discussion: Chair opens discussion. During discussion, members may propose amendments (each amendment is seconded, debated, and voted on before returning to the main motion). Members may also move to table, postpone, or refer to committee.
- Vote: Chair restates the motion (as amended, if applicable), calls the vote, and announces the result.
- Minority Opinion: Chair asks: "Would anyone in the minority like to share why they voted as they did?"
- Reconsider (if needed): After hearing the minority, someone on the prevailing side may move to reconsider. If not, the item is complete and the chair moves on.
8. Announcements
"Are there any announcements?"
(Upcoming events, service opportunities, area/district news. Announcements are not voted on.)
9. Closing
"Is there any further business? Hearing none, may I have a motion to adjourn?"
[Motion and second to adjourn]
"All in favor? The meeting is adjourned. Let's close with [the Lord's Prayer / the Responsibility Statement / etc.]."
Live Meeting Tool
Use this interactive tool during an actual business meeting to track where you are in the process.
Record the vote count:
Motion Log
Twelve Concepts & Parliamentary Procedure
The Twelve Traditions guide what decisions a group should make. The Twelve Concepts for World Service guide how those decisions are made — especially at the district, area, and conference level. Several Concepts directly shape parliamentary procedure in AA.
Concept I — Ultimate Authority
"Final responsibility and ultimate authority for AA world services should always reside in the collective conscience of our whole Fellowship." Every service body — from your home group to the General Service Conference — derives its authority from the group conscience.
Concept III — Right of Decision
"As a traditional means of creating and maintaining a clearly defined working relation among the General Service Conference, the General Service Board, its service corporations, staffs, and committees, and of thus insuring their effective leadership, it is here suggested that we endow each of these elements of world service with a traditional 'Right of Decision.'" In practice: Trusted servants (GSR, officers, committee chairs) may exercise reasonable judgment within their responsibilities without requiring a vote for every detail. They are accountable afterward.
Concept IV — Right of Participation
"Throughout our Conference structure, we ought to maintain at every responsible level a traditional 'Right of Participation,' taking care that each classification or group of our world servants shall be allowed a voting representation in reasonable proportion to the responsibility that each must discharge." In practice: Everyone affected by a decision should have a voice in making it — but voting weight may be proportional to responsibility at higher service levels.
Concept V — Right of Appeal (Minority Opinion)
"Throughout our world service structure, a traditional 'Right of Appeal' ought to prevail, thus assuring us that minority opinion will be heard and that petitions for the redress of personal grievances will be carefully considered." This is the formal AA authority for hearing the minority opinion after every vote. It is not merely a courtesy — it is a principle embedded in AA's service structure. The minority may carry wisdom the majority initially missed. After hearing the minority, any member may move to reconsider.
Concept IX — Leadership & The Third Legacy Procedure
"Good service leadership at all levels is indispensable for our future functioning and safety. Primary world service leadership, once exercised by the founders, must necessarily be assumed by the trustees." Concept IX also gives rise to the Third Legacy Procedure — AA's unique election method. See the full section below.
Concept XII — The Six Warranties
Concept XII includes six "warranties" of the Conference charter. Three are directly relevant to parliamentary procedure:
- Warranty Three: "That all important decisions be reached by discussion, vote, and, whenever possible, by substantial unanimity." This is the formal source of the "substantial unanimity" principle — major decisions should aim for near-complete agreement, not bare majorities.
- Warranty Four: "That no Conference action ever be personally punitive or an incitement to public controversy." Business meetings should never target individuals.
- Warranty Five: "That though the Conference may act for the service of Alcoholics Anonymous, it shall never perform any acts of government." AA does not govern — it serves. Robert's Rules are a tool, not a power structure.
Substantial Unanimity in Practice
At the General Service Conference, a recommendation that passes with two-thirds or more becomes an Advisory Action — a strong expression of the fellowship's group conscience. A recommendation passing with only a simple majority is treated as a "suggestion" that is referred to the General Service Board for consideration. Many groups adopt a similar principle: if a vote is close (e.g., 51%-49%), consider tabling the item for further discussion rather than forcing a slim-majority decision.
Third Legacy Procedure
The Third Legacy Procedure is AA's unique election method, documented in the AA Service Manual (Appendix G). It is used for electing trusted servants at the district, area, and conference levels, and some groups adopt it for GSR elections. It is grounded in Concept IX and designed to reduce personality-driven politics while leaving the final decision to a Higher Power if the group cannot reach agreement.
How It Works — Step by Step
Nominations are taken from the floor. Each nominee states whether they accept. Qualifications (sobriety requirements, service experience, willingness) are reviewed.
Written ballot. If any candidate receives two-thirds (2/3) of the total vote, they are elected. If not, proceed to Ballot 2.
Another written ballot. If any candidate receives 2/3, they are elected. If not: candidates receiving less than one-fifth (1/5) of the total vote are withdrawn (the top two always remain). Candidates may also voluntarily withdraw starting now.
Another ballot. If no 2/3 winner: candidates receiving less than one-third (1/3) of the total vote are withdrawn (top two remain).
Another ballot. If no 2/3 winner: the candidate with the fewest votes is withdrawn (top two remain).
Last written ballot between the remaining two candidates. If one receives 2/3, they are elected. If neither receives 2/3 after this final ballot, the election goes to "the hat."
Both remaining candidates' names are placed in a hat. A non-voting AA member draws one name. The name drawn is elected. This reflects AA's reliance on a Higher Power — when the group cannot decide, we trust God to guide the outcome.
Why Two-Thirds?
The Third Legacy Procedure requires 2/3 rather than a simple majority because an elected servant needs substantial support to be effective. A leader elected by a slim 51% may face resistance from nearly half the group. The 2/3 threshold ensures the winner has broad confidence.
Why the Hat?
The "hat draw" is sometimes controversial, but it reflects a deep AA principle: we trust a Higher Power more than politics. If the group is evenly divided after five ballots, no amount of further campaigning will resolve it cleanly. Turning to lot (chance) removes ego and personality from the final decision. Many in AA have seen remarkable results from this process — the "right" person often emerges.
When to Use Third Legacy vs. Simple Election
Home group elections (secretary, treasurer, chair) typically use simple majority ballot — the Third Legacy Procedure is optional. GSR elections — many groups use the Third Legacy Procedure as recommended by the Service Manual. District and Area positions — the Third Legacy Procedure is the standard method. Your group can adopt whichever method it chooses through group conscience.
What Do I Say When…
A plain-language phrase book. Find what you want to do, then say the words in bold.
| I want to… | Say this: |
|---|---|
| Bring up a new idea | "I move that [specific proposal]." |
| Support someone's motion being discussed | "I second that." (or simply "Second.") |
| Change the wording of a motion | "I move to amend the motion by [inserting/striking/changing] [specific words]." |
| End the discussion and vote now | "I move the previous question." (Requires 2/3 vote!) |
| Delay this to the next meeting | "I move to postpone this motion until [date]." |
| Send this to a committee first | "I move to refer this to a committee of [number] to report back on [date]." |
| Set this aside for now | "I move to table this motion." |
| Bring back a tabled motion | "I move to take from the table the motion to [topic]." |
| Take a break | "I move that we recess for [number] minutes." |
| End the meeting | "I move that we adjourn." |
| Point out a rule is being broken | "Point of order!" (then state the violation when recognized) |
| Challenge the chair's ruling | "I appeal the decision of the chair." |
| Ask about proper procedure | "Parliamentary inquiry — [your question]?" |
| Ask the maker to clarify their motion | "I request that the maker of the motion clarify [what you need clarified]." |
| Withdraw my own motion | "I wish to withdraw my motion." (Chair asks: "Is there any objection?") |
| Reconsider a vote we already took | "Having voted on the prevailing side, I move to reconsider the vote on [motion]." |
| Limit how long people talk | "I move to limit debate to [X] minutes per speaker." (Requires 2/3 vote) |
| Nominate someone for a position | "I nominate [name] for [position]." |
| Close nominations | "I move to close nominations." (Requires 2/3 vote) |
| Undo a previous decision | "I move to rescind the motion adopted on [date] that [describes it]." (2/3 vote without notice; majority with notice) |
| Confirm an emergency action | "I move to ratify the action taken by [person] on [date] to [describes action]." |
| Get factual information before voting | "Point of information — [your factual question]?" |
| Demand a recount / more accurate vote | "Division!" (No second needed — forces a rising/hand count) |
| Request a ballot (secret) vote | "I move that the vote on this motion be taken by written ballot." |
| Take business away from a committee | "I move to discharge the [committee] from [topic] and bring it to the floor." (2/3 vote) |
| Continue the meeting another day | "I move that when we adjourn, we adjourn to meet on [date] at [time]." |
| Get back to the agenda | "I call for the orders of the day!" (No second needed) |
Do's & Don'ts
Do
- ✓ Open and close with prayer
- ✓ Set a clear agenda beforehand
- ✓ Ensure all members know the meeting is happening (announce in advance)
- ✓ Read the relevant Tradition before a vote if it applies
- ✓ Restate the motion clearly before calling a vote
- ✓ Let everyone speak once before anyone speaks twice
- ✓ Always hear the minority opinion after a vote
- ✓ Keep written minutes of every business meeting
- ✓ Table divisive issues when the group is sharply split
- ✓ Welcome newcomers to observe and learn the process
- ✓ Use a timer for discussion if needed (equal time for all)
- ✓ Keep the meeting focused and within a reasonable time
Don't
- ✗ Discuss personalities — discuss principles and ideas only
- ✗ Rush a vote without adequate discussion
- ✗ Let the chair debate or take sides while facilitating
- ✗ Assume shouting "Question!" ends debate (it doesn't — it requires a 2/3 vote)
- ✗ Ignore the Traditions when making group decisions
- ✗ Hold a business meeting without advance notice to the group
- ✗ Allow one person to monopolize discussion
- ✗ Vote on spending without a treasurer's report
- ✗ Skip reading of previous minutes
- ✗ Make vague motions ("I move we do something about…")
- ✗ Intimidate or pressure people into voting a certain way
- ✗ Make decisions that violate the Traditions, even by majority vote
Virtual & Hybrid Meeting Adaptations
Robert's Rules apply equally whether you meet in person, online, or both. Here are practical adaptations.
Establishing the Floor (Virtual)
- Use the "Raise Hand" feature in Zoom/Google Meet/Teams instead of physical hand-raising
- The chair should call on people by name: "The chair recognizes [name]"
- Ask members to stay muted when not recognized to speak
- Consider using the chat for "Second" to avoid unmuting interruptions
Voting Online
- Voice vote: Have members unmute and say Aye/No (works for small groups)
- Raise Hand vote: "All in favor, raise your hand now" → count → "Lower hands. All opposed, raise your hand" → count
- Chat vote: "Type 'Yes' or 'No' in the chat now" — easy to count and screenshot for minutes
- Poll feature: Use the built-in poll feature for anonymous/ballot votes
- Phone participants: Ask by name: "[Name], how do you vote?"
Hybrid Meeting Tips
- Designate a "virtual host" to monitor online hands and chat
- The virtual host should alert the chair when an online member wants to speak
- Alternate between in-person and online speakers when possible
- Repeat all motions and amendments aloud clearly for online participants
- Use a visible countdown timer that both groups can see
- Ensure online members can hear all in-room speakers (use a good microphone)
Recording Minutes Virtually
- Secretary can use the chat log as a backup record
- Screenshot poll results for vote documentation
- Consider recording the meeting (with group consent) as a backup for minutes — but do not post publicly (Tradition Twelve)
- Share draft minutes via email or group messaging for review
Accessibility Reminders
Ensure hearing-impaired members can see motions in writing (use chat or screen share). For visually impaired members, always read motions aloud and describe any visual materials. If your group has Spanish-speaking or other non-English members, consider having a translator present.
Standard Order of Business
The typical sequence for an AA business meeting. Your group may adapt this.
Opening
Moment of silence, Serenity Prayer, reading of the preamble or Tradition Two.
Roll Call / Attendance (optional)
Note who is present. Determine if quorum is met.
Reading & Approval of Previous Minutes
Secretary reads. Members may correct. Approved by voice vote or unanimous consent.
Treasurer's Report
Income, expenses, balance, prudent reserve status. Filed for audit (not voted on — reports are received, not approved).
Officer / Committee Reports
GSR report, literature chair, refreshment committee, etc.
Old (Unfinished) Business
Tabled motions, follow-ups from previous meetings, pending items.
New Business
New motions from the floor. Each follows: motion → second → discuss (amendments and subsidiary motions may occur here) → vote → result → minority opinion → reconsider if needed.
Announcements
Upcoming events, service opportunities, area/district news.
Closing
Motion to adjourn, closing prayer (Lord's Prayer, Responsibility Statement, etc.).
Regarding Reports
Under Robert's Rules, reports are received, not approved. The chair says "The treasurer's report will be filed for audit" — not "Do we approve the report?" The only exception is the minutes, which are approved because they are the group's official record.
Procedural Rules & Concepts
These are not formal motions but important procedural mechanisms recognized in Robert's Rules.
Unanimous (General) Consent
The chair may propose routine actions without a formal motion by asking: "If there is no objection, [action]. Is there any objection?" If no one objects, the action is taken. If even one member objects, a formal motion and vote are required.
Common uses in AA: Approving the minutes as read, dispensing with reading of minutes when copies were distributed, extending a courtesy to a visitor, making minor corrections.
Debate Rules (Defaults)
Under Robert's Rules, the default debate limits are:
- Each member may speak twice per question per day
- Each speech may be up to 10 minutes long
- The maker of the motion has the right to speak first in debate
- No one speaks a second time until everyone who wishes to has spoken once
- Debate must be germane (relevant to the pending question)
- Remarks must be addressed through the chair, not directly to other members
- Members must avoid personal attacks — discuss the idea, never the person
These defaults can be changed by a motion to Limit or Extend Debate (requires 2/3 vote).
Filling Blanks
When multiple alternatives need to be considered (amounts, dates, names), the filling blanks procedure avoids treating each as a formal amendment. Instead:
- The motion is made with a blank: "I move that we donate $_____ to intergroup."
- Members suggest amounts to fill the blank (no seconds needed for suggestions)
- Suggestions are voted on in order — largest amount first for money, longest time first for time, or in order proposed for names/places
- The first suggestion to receive a majority fills the blank
- The completed motion is then voted on as a whole
AA Example: "How much should we donate to the district?" Rather than amending back and forth between $50, $75, $100, create a blank and vote on each suggestion starting with the highest.
Previous Notice
Certain motions require previous notice — advance notification to the membership — which lowers the vote threshold. When notice is given at the previous meeting (or in the meeting announcement):
- Rescind — drops from 2/3 to majority
- Amend bylaws — as specified in the bylaws
- Discharge a committee — drops from 2/3 to majority
Notice protects absent members by ensuring they know important changes will be considered and can attend. This is why AA business meetings should always be announced in advance.
Renewal of Motions
A motion that has been voted down generally cannot be brought up again at the same session (same meeting). It can be introduced at a subsequent meeting.
Exceptions: A motion that was withdrawn can be renewed at the same meeting. A motion that was the subject of a sustained Objection to Consideration can also be renewed. The proper way to revisit a defeated motion at the same meeting is to move to Reconsider (only by someone on the prevailing side).
Dilatory and Frivolous Motions
The chair has the duty to refuse to recognize motions that are obviously dilatory (made to obstruct business) or frivolous (made as a joke or to waste time). The chair simply states: "The motion is dilatory and will not be entertained."
Orders of the Day
Business scheduled for a specific time in the agenda. Two types:
- General Order: Comes up after pending business is finished when the time arrives. Does not interrupt.
- Special Order: Does interrupt pending business when the scheduled time arrives. Requires a 2/3 vote to create.
Any member can Call for the Orders of the Day if the chair skips or delays scheduled business.
Glossary
- Adjourn
- To end the meeting officially.
- Adjourned Meeting
- A continuation of a previous meeting, set by the motion "Fix the Time to Which to Adjourn." Has the same authority as the original meeting.
- Amend
- To change the wording of a pending motion before voting on it.
- Call the Question
- A motion to end debate and vote immediately. Requires 2/3 vote.
- Chair
- The person presiding over the meeting; the neutral facilitator.
- Debate
- Formal discussion on a motion. Same as "discussion" in AA usage. Default: 2 speeches per member per question, 10 minutes each.
- Dilatory Motion
- A motion made to obstruct or delay business. The chair has the duty to refuse to recognize dilatory motions.
- Discharge a Committee
- Takes a matter out of a committee's hands before the committee has reported. Requires 2/3 without notice or majority with notice.
- Division of the Assembly
- A demand for a more accurate recount (rising or hand count) when a voice vote result is in doubt. Any single member can demand it.
- Floor
- "Having the floor" means having the right to speak. "The floor is open" means discussion is open.
- Friendly Amendment
- An informal change accepted by the motion-maker without a vote. Use for minor, non-controversial edits.
- Germane
- Relevant to the matter at hand. Amendments must be germane to the motion.
- Group Conscience
- The collective, spiritually-informed decision of the group, guided by the Traditions.
- Main Motion
- A motion introducing new business. Only one can be on the floor at a time.
- Minority Opinion
- The practice of hearing from those who voted against a passed motion, unique emphasis in AA.
- Motion
- A formal proposal for the group to take action or make a decision.
- Objection to Consideration
- A motion to prevent a main motion from being considered at all. Requires 2/3 against consideration. Must be raised immediately.
- Orders of the Day
- Business scheduled in the agenda. A member can call for their enforcement without a second or vote.
- Out of Order
- Not following proper procedure; the chair may rule something out of order.
- Pending
- A motion that has been made and seconded but not yet voted on.
- Point of Order
- A call to the chair that a rule is being violated. Can interrupt a speaker.
- Precedence
- The ranking of motions. Higher-precedence motions take priority over lower ones.
- Previous Notice
- Advance notification that a motion will be made at the next meeting. Lowers vote threshold from 2/3 to majority for Rescind, Discharge a Committee, etc.
- Previous Question
- The formal name for "calling the question" — a motion to end debate.
- Quorum
- The minimum number of members required to conduct business.
- Ratify
- To confirm or validate an action taken without proper authority (e.g., emergency expenditure between meetings).
- Request for Information
- A request for factual information relevant to pending business, directed through the chair. Different from Parliamentary Inquiry (which asks about procedure).
- Right of Appeal (Concept V)
- The AA principle that minority opinion must always be heard. The formal authority for hearing from the minority after every vote.
- Right of Decision (Concept III)
- Trusted servants may exercise reasonable judgment within their responsibilities without a vote for every detail.
- Recess
- A short break during the meeting.
- Reconsider
- A motion to re-examine a previously decided question. Must be made by someone who voted on the prevailing side. Requires a second and a majority vote.
- Second
- An indication by another member that they want the motion to be considered. Does not mean they support it.
- Subsidiary Motion
- A motion applied to another motion (e.g., amend, postpone, table).
- Substantial Unanimity
- Near-complete agreement (typically 2/3 or more). From Concept XII, Warranty Three. Major AA decisions should aim for substantial unanimity rather than bare majority.
- Table (Lay on the Table)
- To temporarily set aside a motion. It can be taken from the table later.
- Take from the Table
- A motion to bring a previously tabled item back for consideration. Must be done at the same or next meeting.
- Third Legacy Procedure
- AA's unique election method using progressive balloting with a 2/3 requirement and a "hat draw" fallback. Grounded in Concept IX.
- Advisory Action
- A Conference recommendation that passes with 2/3 (substantial unanimity), carrying strong moral authority for AA as a whole.
- Unanimous Consent
- "If there is no objection…" — used for routine matters to save time.
- Withdraw
- The maker of a motion takes it back. Requires no objection; if someone objects, the group votes.
- Yield
- To give up one's remaining speaking time or turn.
- Acclamation
- Election by unanimous voice vote when there is only one nominee. "I move [name] be elected by acclamation."
- Ad Hoc Committee
- A temporary committee formed for a specific purpose that dissolves after completing its task.
- Bylaws
- A group's written rules of operation. Cannot be suspended; can only be amended through the process specified in the bylaws themselves.
- Divide the Question
- To split a multi-part motion into separate motions voted on individually.
- Ex Officio
- Serving by virtue of holding another position (e.g., a past chairperson who serves on a committee automatically).
- Filling Blanks
- A procedure for choosing among multiple alternatives (amounts, dates) without formal amendments. Suggestions are voted on in order until one gets a majority.
- General Order
- Business scheduled for a specific time that comes up after pending business finishes. Does not interrupt.
- In Order
- Proper and permissible under the rules at the current time.
- Limit Debate
- A motion to set time limits on speakers or total discussion. Requires 2/3 vote.
- Postpone Indefinitely
- Effectively kills a motion by removing it from consideration without a direct vote on its merits.
- Prevailing Side
- The side that won the vote. Only someone on the prevailing side can move to reconsider.
- Prudent Reserve
- AA term for the amount of money a group keeps on hand to cover operating expenses (typically 1-3 months).
- Rescind
- To cancel or repeal a previously adopted motion. Requires 2/3 vote (or majority with prior notice).
- Ruling of the Chair
- The chair's decision on a procedural question. Can be appealed by any member.
- Seriatim
- Considering a document section by section rather than as a whole.
- Special Order
- Business set for a specific time that interrupts pending business when the time arrives. Requires 2/3 to create.
- Standing Committee
- A permanent committee (e.g., literature committee, refreshment committee).
Quick Reference Card
Print this section for a handy reference during meetings.
Robert's Rules — AA Quick Reference
| Motion | Second? | Debatable? | Amendable? | Vote | Interrupt? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main Motion | Yes | Yes | Yes | Majority | No |
| Amend | Yes | Yes | Yes | Majority | No |
| Refer to Committee | Yes | Yes | Yes | Majority | No |
| Postpone | Yes | Yes | Yes | Majority | No |
| Table | Yes | No | No | Majority | No |
| Call the Question | Yes | No | No | 2/3 | No |
| Limit/Extend Debate | Yes | No | Yes | 2/3 | No |
| Postpone Indefinitely | Yes | Yes | No | Majority | No |
| Withdraw | No | No | No | No objection | No |
| Divide the Question | Yes | No | No | Majority | No |
| Recess | Yes | No | Yes | Majority | No |
| Adjourn | Yes | No | No | Majority | No |
| Question of Privilege | No | No | No | Chair | Yes |
| Parl. Inquiry | No | No | No | None | No |
| Point of Order | No | No | No | Chair | Yes |
| Appeal | Yes | Yes | No | Majority | Yes |
| Suspend Rules | Yes | No | No | 2/3 | No |
| Reconsider | Yes | Yes | No | Majority | No |
| Rescind | Yes | Yes | No | 2/3* | No |
| Ratify | Yes | Yes | Yes | Majority | No |
| Take from Table | Yes | No | No | Majority | No |
| Request for Info | No | No | No | None | Yes |
| Fix Time to Adjourn | Yes | No** | Yes | Majority | No |
| Orders of the Day | No | No | No | 1 member | Yes |
| Object to Consider | No | No | No | 2/3 vs. | No |
| Division (Verify Vote) | No | No | No | 1 member | Yes |
| Close Nominations | Yes | No | Yes | 2/3 | No |
| Discharge Committee | Yes | Yes | Yes | 2/3* | No |
* Rescind and Discharge Committee require 2/3 without prior notice, or majority with notice given at a previous meeting. ** Not debatable when made while business is pending (privileged form); debatable as a main motion.
The Basic Flow
Motion → Second → Discussion → Vote → Announce → Minority Opinion
Remember
- Principles before personalities
- Everyone speaks once before anyone speaks twice
- Always hear the minority (Concept V)
- Aim for substantial unanimity (Concept XII)